140CRA93100C Quantum

因此只有具備冗余設(shè)計(jì)的CPU才能稱之為PLC。除此之外，PLC中的CPU的檢測(cè)具有時(shí)鐘檢測(cè)、監(jiān)視時(shí)鐘、序列檢查、存儲(chǔ)器檢查。   時(shí)鐘測(cè)量:在處理器電路中，有兩個(gè)不同的振蕩器交叉檢查它們的行為，每個(gè)處理器使用一個(gè)時(shí)鐘檢查另外一個(gè)是否運(yùn)行。如果在一個(gè)確定的周期里，檢測(cè)到對(duì)方?jīng)]有運(yùn)行，CPU就會(huì)進(jìn)入狀態(tài)。固件每秒鐘會(huì)檢查兩個(gè)振蕩器的精度。 監(jiān)視時(shí)鐘：一個(gè)硬件和一個(gè)固件的監(jiān)視時(shí)鐘檢查PLC的活動(dòng)和執(zhí)行用戶邏輯的執(zhí)行時(shí)間。這和常規(guī)的PLC系統(tǒng)是相同的。 序列檢查：序列檢查監(jiān)視CPU操作系統(tǒng)不同部分的執(zhí)行。 存儲(chǔ)器檢查：所有靜態(tài)存儲(chǔ)器區(qū)，包括Flash存儲(chǔ)器和RAM，使用循環(huán)冗余碼（CRC）進(jìn)行檢測(cè)，并且雙碼執(zhí)行。動(dòng)態(tài)存儲(chǔ)器區(qū)由雙碼執(zhí)行保護(hù)，周期性進(jìn)行檢測(cè)。在冷啟動(dòng)時(shí)，這些檢測(cè)重新進(jìn)行初始化。 從上面的分析可以看出，PLC的診斷和檢測(cè)比常規(guī)的PLC的檢測(cè)要多很多，所以相對(duì)來說，硬件和軟件的設(shè)計(jì)更復(fù)雜。當(dāng)然，檢測(cè)和診斷的范圍也更廣范，更細(xì)致。

2 相異 PLC通常都有兩個(gè)處理器，通常處理器是由兩個(gè)不同廠家進(jìn)行的提供，比如一個(gè)摩托羅拉，一個(gè)因特爾，同時(shí)進(jìn)行解碼和執(zhí)行。這種差異性提供了失效檢測(cè)的下列優(yōu)點(diǎn)：

兩個(gè)可執(zhí)行碼獨(dú)自生成，編譯的差異性使得在代碼生成時(shí)，容易檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)失效。

兩個(gè)生成碼由不同的處理器執(zhí)行，因此，CPU能夠在代碼執(zhí)行時(shí)，檢測(cè)出系統(tǒng)失效和PLC的隨機(jī)失效。

兩個(gè)獨(dú)立的存儲(chǔ)器區(qū)用于兩個(gè)處理器，因此，CPU能夠檢測(cè)出RAM的隨機(jī)失效，而這在每個(gè)掃描周期的全部RAM檢查時(shí)測(cè)不出來。

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